Wararka

Waxaa dib laga daabacay: Machadka Qalabka Biyodegradable

Machadka maadada Biodegradable Materials ayaa sheegay in dhawaanahan, si tartiib tartiib ah loo eegayay waxyeelada microplastics-ka, waxaana soo baxay daraasado la xiriira midba midka kale, kuwaas oo laga helay dhiigga dadka, saxarada iyo gunta hoose ee badda.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-baadhis ay dhawaan dhammaysay Kulliyadda Caafimaadka ee Hull York ee dalka Ingiriiska, ayaa cilmi-baadhayaashu waxa ay markii ugu horreysay heleen shay-balaastig (microplastics) ah oo ku jira gunta hoose ee sambabada dadka nool.

Daraasadan oo lagu daabacay wargeyska General Environmental Science ayaa ah daraasadii ugu horeysay ee adag oo lagu ogaado balaastikada ku jirta sambabada dadka nool.

"Microplastics ayaa laga helay shaybaarada baaritaanka jirka ee bini'aadamka ka hor - laakiin tani waa tii ugu horreysay ee daraasad xooggan oo muujinaysa microplastics ee sambabada dadka nool," ayuu yiri Dr. Laura Sadofsky, Bare Sare ee Daawada Neefsashada iyo qoraaga hormuudka ah ee warqadda., "Marinnada hawo-mareenka ee sambabadu aad bay u cidhiidhi yihiin, markaa qofna uma malaynayn inay suurtogal tahay inay halkaas tagaan, laakiin way caddeeyeen.

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Dunidu waxay soo saartaa ilaa 300 milyan oo tan oo balaastiig ah sannadkii, qiyaastii 80% ka mid ah waxay ku dhammaadaan qashinka iyo qaybaha kale ee deegaanka.Microplastics-ku waxay u dhaxayn karaan dhexroor min 10 nanometer (ka yar intay isha bini'aadamku arki karaan) ilaa 5 milimitir, oo qiyaastii le'eg masaxaha dhamaadka qalinka.Qaybaha yaryar waxay sabeyn karaan hawada, tuubada ama biyaha dhalada ah, iyo badweynta ama ciidda.

Qaar ka mid ah natiijooyinka cilmi-baaris hore oo ku saabsan microplastics:

Daraasad 2018 ah ayaa laga helay caag saxaro saxaro ah ka dib markii maadooyinka la quudiyo cunto caadi ah oo lagu duudduubay caag.

Warqad 2020 ah ayaa baadhay unugyo ka yimid sambabada, beerka, beeryarada iyo kelyaha waxayna ka heleen balaastiig dhammaan muunadaha la daraaseeyay.

Cilmi-baaris la daabacay bishii Maarso ayaa markii ugu horreysay laga helay qaybo caag ah oo ku jira dhiigga aadanaha.

Daraasad cusub oo ay dhowaan sameeyeen aqoonyahanno ka tirsan jaamacadda caafimaadka ee Vienna ayaa sidoo kale muujisay in cabbitaanka biyaha caagagga ah ee sannadka oo dhan ay sababi karto qaadashada ku dhawaad ​​100,000 microplastic iyo nanoplastic (MNP) qaybood sannadkii.

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Daraasadda hadda jirta, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay raadinaysay inay dhisto shaqadii hore iyada oo laga helayo microplastics ee unugyada sambabada iyadoo la goosanayo nudaha inta lagu jiro qaliinka bukaanka nool.

Falanqaynta ayaa daaha ka qaaday in 11 ka mid ah 13-kii muunado ee la daraaseeyay ay ku jiraan microplastics waxaana la ogaaday 12 nooc oo kala duwan.Microplastics-yadaan waxaa ka mid ah polyetylen, naylon iyo resins sida caadiga ah laga helo dhalooyinka, baakadaha, dharka iyo linenka.xadhig iyo hababka kale ee wax soo saarka.

Shaybaarada labka ah waxa ay lahaayeen heerar aad uga sarreeya kuwa shaybaarka dheddigga ah.Laakiin waxa dhab ahaantii la yaabay saynisyahannada ayaa ah halka ay ka soo muuqdeen balaastikadan, iyada oo in ka badan kala badh microplastics-ka laga helay qaybaha hoose ee sambabada.

"Ma aanan fileyn in aan helno tiro badan oo ah walxaha microplastic ee meelaha qoto dheer ee sambabada, ama in la helo qaybo cabbirkan," Sadofsky ayaa sidaas yidhi.Waxaa loo malaynayay in qaybo cabbirkan la mid ah la sifeeyo ama la dabin doono ka hor intaanay qoto dheeraan.

Saynis yahanadu waxa ay u arkaan in la neefsan karo qaybaha balaastiga hawada laga qaado ee u dhexeeya 1 nanometer ilaa 20 microns, waxaanay daraasadani bixinaysaa cadaymo dheeraad ah oo muujinaya in neefsashadu ay si toos ah u maraan jidhka.Sida natiijooyinka dhowaan la midka ah ee goobta, waxay kor u qaadaysaa su'aal aad muhiim u ah: Maxay yihiin saameynta caafimaadka aadanaha?

Tijaabooyin ay saynisyahanadu ku sameeyeen shaybaadhka ayaa muujiyay in microplastics-ku ay kala saari karaan oo ay bedeli karaan qaabka unugyada sambabada bini'aadamka, oo leh saameyn guud oo sun ah unugyada.Laakiin fahamkan cusubi wuxuu gacan ka geysan doonaa hagidda cilmi-baarista qoto dheer ee saameyntiisa.

"Microplastics ayaa laga helay shaybaarka baaritaanka jirka ee bini'aadamka ka hor - tani waa daraasaddii ugu horreysay ee xooggan si loo muujiyo in ay jiraan microplastics ku jira sambabada dadka nool," ayuu yiri Sadofsky."Waxay sidoo kale muujinaysaa inay ku jiraan qaybta hoose ee sambabada.Marinnada neef-mareenka ee sambabadu aad bay u cidhiidhsan yihiin, markaa qofna uma malaynayn inay halkaas gaadhi karaan, laakiin si cad ayay halkaas u gaadheen.Tilmaamaha noocyada iyo heerarka microplastics-ka aan helnay waxay hadda ku wargelin karaan xaaladaha dhabta ah ee adduunka ee tijaabooyinka soo-gaadhista shaybaarka iyada oo ujeedadu tahay go'aaminta saameynta caafimaadka. "

"Waxay caddayn u tahay inaan baco ku hayno jirkeena - ma ahan," Dick Vethaak, oo ku takhasusay cilmiga deegaanka ee Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, ayaa u sheegay AFP.

Intaa waxaa dheer, daraasaddu waxay xustay "walaaca sii kordhaya" ee ku saabsan waxyeelada suurtagalka ah ee nuugista iyo nuugista microplastics.